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1 " Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom. "
― Bertrand Russell , Unpopular Essays
2 " Collective fear stimulates herd instinct, and tends to produce ferocity toward those who are not regarded as members of the herd. "
3 " Neither a man nor a crowd nor a nation can be trusted to act humanely or to think sanely under the influence of a great fear. "
4 " When I was young, most teachers of philosophy in British and American universities were Hegelians, so that, until I read Hegel, I supposed there must be some truth to his system; I was cured, however, by discovering that everything he said on the philosophy of mathematics was plain nonsense. "
5 " Children were idealized by Wordsworth and un-idealized by Freud. Marx was the Wordsworth of the proletariat; its Freud is still to come. "
6 " But sooner or later the oppressed class will argue that its superior virtue is a reason in favour of its having power, and the oppressors will find their own weapons turned against them. When at last power has been equalized, it becomes apparent to everybody that all the talk about superior virtue was nonsense, and that it was quite unnecessary as a basis for the claim to equality. "
7 " English old ladies still sentimentalize about the "wisdom of the East" and American intellectuals about the "earth consciousness" of the negro. "
8 " Man is a credulous animal, and must believe something; in the absence of good grounds for belief, he will be satisfied with bad ones. "
9 " Most of the greatest evils that man has inflicted upon man have come through people feeling quite certain about something which, in fact, was false. "
10 " Man is a rational animal. So at least we have been told. Throughout a long life I have searched diligently for evidence in favor of this statement. So far, I have not had the good fortune to come across it. "
11 " The demand for certainty is one which is natural to man, but is nevertheless an intellectual vice. ... So long as men are not trained to withhold judgment in the absence of evidence, they will be led astray by cocksure prophets, and it is likely that their leaders will be either ignorant fanatics or dishonest charlatans. To endure uncertainty is difficult, but so are most of the other virtues. "
12 " The demand for certainty is one which is natural to man, but is nevertheless an intellectual vice. [...] To endure uncertainty is difficult, but so are most of the other virtues. "
13 " Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. "
14 " Not all superstitions are dark and cruel. I once received a communication from the god Osiris. He was living at that time in a suburb of Boston. "
15 " Every advance in civilization has been denounced as unnatural while it was recent. "
16 " In a man whose reasoning powers are good, fallacious arguments are evidence of bias. "
17 " The demand for certainty is one which is natural to man, but is nevertheless an intellectual vice. So long as men are not trained to withhold judgment in the absence of evidence, they will be led astray by cocksure prophets, and it is likely that their leaders will be either ignorant fanatics or dishonest charlatans. To endure uncertainty is difficult, but so are most of the other virtues."“Most of the greatest evils that man has inflicted upon man have come through people feeling quite certain about something which, in fact, is false. "
18 " Man is a credulous animal, and must believe something; in the absence of good grounds for belief, he will be satisfied with bad ones. Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. "
19 " The young are taught a sort of copybook account of how public affairs are supposed to be conducted, and are carefully shielded from all knowledge as to how in fact they are conducted. When they grow up and discover the truth, the result is too often a complete cynicism in which all public ideals are lost; whereas if they had been taught the truth carefully and with proper comment at an earlier age they might have become men able to combat evils in which, as it is, they acquiesce with a shrug. "
20 " A word as to the title. In the preface of my Human Knowledge I said that I was writing not only for professional philosophers, and that 'philosophy proper deals with matters of interest to the general educated public.' Reviewers took me to task, saying they found parts of the book difficult, and implying that my words were such as to mislead purchasers. I do not wish to expose myself again to this charge; I will therefore confess that there are several sentences in the present volume which some unusually stupid children of ten might find a little puzzling. On this ground I do not claim that the essays are popular; and if not popular, then 'unpopular. "
