Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison QUOTES

61 " Sobre esta realidad-referencia se han construido conceptos diversos y se han delimitado campos de análisis: psique, subjetividad, personalidad, conciencia, etc.; sobre ella se han edificado técnicas y discursos científicos; a partir de ella se ha dado validez a las reivindicaciones morales del humanismo. Pero no hay que engañarse: no se ha sustituido el alma, ilusión de los teólogos, por un hombre real, objeto de saber, de reflexión filosófica o de intervención técnica. El hombre del que se nos habla y que se nos invita a liberar es ya en sí mismo el efecto de un sometimiento mucho más profundo que él. Un “alma” lo habita y lo conduce a la existencia, que es una pieza en el dominio que el poder ejerce sobre el cuerpo. El alma, efecto e instrumento de una anatomía política; el alma, prisión del cuerpo. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

62 " But perhaps one should reverse the problem and ask oneself what is served by the failure of the prison; what is the use of these different phenomena that are continually being criticized; the maintenance of delinquency, the encouragement of recidivism, the transformation of the occasional offender into a habitual delinquent, the organization of a closed milieu of delinquency. Perhaps one should look for what is hidden beneath the apparent cynicism of the penal institution, which, after purging the convicts by means of their sentence, continues to follow them by a whole series of ‘brandings’ (a surveillance that was once de jure and which is today de facto; the police record that has taken the place of the convict’s passport) and which thus pursues as a ‘delinquent’ someone who has acquitted himself of his punishment as an offender? Can we not see here a consequence rather than a contradiction? If so, one would be forced to suppose that the prison, and no doubt punishment in general, is not intended to eliminate offences, but rather to distinguish them, to distribute them, to use them; that it is not so much that they render docile those who are liable to transgress the law, but that they tend to assimilate the transgression of the laws in a general tactics of subjection. Penality would then appear to be a way of handling illegalities, of laying down the limits of tolerance, of giving free rein to some, of putting pressure on others, of excluding a particular section, of making another useful, of neutralizing certain individuals and of profiting from others. In short, penality does not simply ‘check’ illegalities; it ‘differentiates’ them, it provides them with a general ‘economy’. And, if one can speak of justice, it is not only because the law itself or the way of applying it serves the interests of a class, it is also because the differential administration of illegalities through the mediation of penality forms part of those mechanisms of domination. Legal punishments are to be resituated in an overall strategy of illegalities. The ‘failure’ of the prison may be understood on this basis. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

63 " make the amende honorable "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

64 " Hierarchized, continuous, and functional surveillance may not be one of the great technical ‘inventions’ of the eighteenth century, but its insidious extension owed its importance to the mechanisms of power that it brought with it. By means of such surveillance, disciplinary power became an ‘integrated’ system, linked from the inside to the economy and to the aims of the mechanism in which it was practiced. It was also organized as a multiple, automatic, and anonymous power; for although surveillance rests on individuals, its functioning is that of a network of relations from top to bottom, but also to a certain extent from bottom to top and laterally; this network ‘holds’ the whole together and traverses it in its entirety with effects of power that derive from one another: supervisors perpetually supervised. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

65 " It would be hypocritical or naïve to believe that the law was made for all in the name of all; that it would be more prudent to recognise that it was made for the few and that it was brought to bear upon the others; that in principle it applies to all citizens, but that it is addressed principally to the most numerous and least enlightened classes. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

66 " Police surveillance provides the prison with offenders, which the prison transforms into delinquents, the targets and auxiliaries of police supervisions, which regularly send back a certain number of them to prison. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

67 " Дисциплина почиње са распоређивањем јединки у простору. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison

68 " And the sentence that condemns or acquits is not simply a judgement of guilt, a legal decision that lays down punishment; it bears within it an assessment of normality and a technical prescription for a possible normalization. Today the judge- magistrate or juror certainly does more than 'judge'. "

― Michel Foucault , Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison