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" Liberal” in the nineteenth-century United States and Europe designated people who in many, but not all, respects would be called conservatives in the twenty-first century. They embraced minimal government, a free market economy, individualism, and property rights; they attacked slavery, aristocracy, monarchy, standing armies, the Catholic Church, and hereditary authority. "
― Richard White , The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896