QUOTE : Fear of Popery now reached such a peak that a sizeable section of the political nation was no longer prepared to tolerate the prospect of a Catholic king. In January 1679 Charles II dissolved Parliament, but a new one was summoned for the spring and it was clear that when it met, the King would face calls to disinherit his brother. The country became so polarised that political parties emerged, with allegiances divided between those who favoured excluding James from the throne, and those who wished to preserve intact the hereditary succession. The two groupings soon acquired names, originally intended as insults. Those hostile to the Duke of York were known as “Whigs”, short for “Whiggamore”, a term formerly applied to extremist Presbyterian rebels in Scotland. Their more traditionalist opponents were dubbed “Torries”, after the lawless Catholic bandits whom rampaged in Ireland. These labels would outlast the Exclusion Crisis, and bitter divisions along those lines would become so entrenched a feature of political life that when Anne came to the throne, the two parties became her declared “bugbears”.