" In 1936, shortly after the first lobotomies were performed in Lisbon, the procedure came to our side of the sea, where it was adapted with all-American vigor, so much so that by the late 1950s, more than twenty thousand patients had had lobotomies and the surgery was being used to “cure” everything from mental retardation to homosexuality to criminal insanity. "

― Lauren Slater , Blue Dreams: The Science and the Story of the Drugs that Changed Our Minds