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" How are humans free and morally responsible if their actions are predetermined? Arminians and Open Theists argue that if God predetermines what humans choose to do, then they aren’t free and morally responsible for their actions. Calvinists offer three responses to this. First, while Calvinists grant that there is an element of mystery here, Scripture teaches both that God determines all that comes to pass and that humans are free and morally responsible. For example, Pilate, Herod, and many others are judged to be “wicked” for crucifying Jesus, yet everything they did was according to “the definite plan and foreknowledge of God” (Acts 2:23; cf. 4:27–28). Mystery or not, therefore, out of fidelity to Scripture Calvinists feel compelled to affirm that God predetermines the actions of agents in such a way that the agents themselves remain free and are morally responsible for their actions (this view is called “compatibilistic freedom, "

Gregory A. Boyd , Across the Spectrum: Understanding Issues in Evangelical Theology


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Gregory A. Boyd quote : How are humans free and morally responsible if their actions are predetermined? Arminians and Open Theists argue that if God predetermines what humans choose to do, then they aren’t free and morally responsible for their actions. Calvinists offer three responses to this. First, while Calvinists grant that there is an element of mystery here, Scripture teaches both that God determines all that comes to pass and that humans are free and morally responsible. For example, Pilate, Herod, and many others are judged to be “wicked” for crucifying Jesus, yet everything they did was according to “the definite plan and foreknowledge of God” (Acts 2:23; cf. 4:27–28). Mystery or not, therefore, out of fidelity to Scripture Calvinists feel compelled to affirm that God predetermines the actions of agents in such a way that the agents themselves remain free and are morally responsible for their actions (this view is called “compatibilistic freedom,