" two-tiered labor force. For every two Saudis, totaling about twenty million, there is one foreigner, adding up to about ten million, in the country. But the ratios are reversed when it comes to the workforce. About four and a half million Saudis are employed—70 percent by the government. By contrast, there are twice that many foreigners, over eight million, most of them less well paid, working in the private sector. "

― Daniel Yergin , The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations