" The 13th century author and scholar, Imam An-Nawawi (1233–1277) asserts that there are two stages to faith: “the faith of the trader” who gives himself to God in exchange for Paradise and, beyond this, “the faith of the one who draws close” – who dedicates himself to God in an act of pure love. The notion of exchange disappears to make room for total, complete and free love. "

― Tariq Ramadan , Islam An Introduction