" In short, many of these analyses, though conducted in the forties and fifties of the century, could just as well have been conducted in 1905 or thereabouts. It is not clear whether the analysts knowledge was static and fixated on that early date or whether they had the benefit of later theoritical knowledge ( and hence of all the progress made since that time ) but did not apply it dynamically. I do not maintain, of course, that if these rather anachronistic errors had been avoided in the previous analyses of the patients mentioned above they would all have been cured. Some were apparently unrecognized schizoid personalities, some where incapable of changing. But many, in fact most, could be helped when their pyshic masochism was put in the center. I have reporter in earlier books such seemingly hopeless but actually curable cases in which i was the second, third or fourth analyst.
The decisive point, which cannot be stressed often enough, is that the patient has to be given an analytic chance. He is deprived of this chance when his deep masochistic conflict is neglected and his difficulties explained only in terms of superficial layers; he is simply not familiarized with his real unconscious problem. This does not mean that the patient will always use that unique chance, but that's his affair. "

― Edmund Bergler ,