" Solomon-Fears, Carmen (July 30, 2014). Nonmarital Births: An Overview (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.

Although most children who grow up in mother-only families or step-parent families
become well-adjusted, productive adults, the bulk of empirical research indicates that children
who grow up with only one biological parent in the home are more likely to be financially worse
off and have worse socioeconomic outcomes (even after income differences are taken into
account) compared to children who grow up with both biological parents in the home. "

― Carmen Solomon-Fears